"As we know, China has used a weak currency to leapfrog almost the entire world over the past 30+ years, capturing 15% of the global economic market share and rising to an economic power. 

They've gone from a $350 billion economy in the early 90s, to a $13 trillion economy today (ascending from the eleventh largest country in the world to the second largest economy in the world).  That's 37 times bigger.  Over the same period, the U.S. economy has grown by 3x. 

How has China done it?

 

By undercutting the global export market on price, collecting our dollars, then offering our dollars back to us in the form of credit, so that we can buy more from China. 

 

As long as China can maintain a cheap currency (and its trading partners allow it), this cycle continues, and so does the cycle of global credit booms and busts. 

 

Meanwhile China stockpiles/sucks foreign currency (most importantly, dollars) from the rest of the world (i.e. a wealth transfer).

Clearly, this story ends well for China, and no one else, if left unchecked. 

 

That's why it has become the top priority for Trump (and a critical piece of Trumponomics). 

 

Reforming the way the U.S. (and the world) deals with China is the root of the global structural reform that is necessary for the world to sustainably emerge from the global financial crisis era."

 

Not only does this all still apply, it's arguably beyond the tipping point now. 

 

Even Bessent has openly said, this might be "the last chance to grow our way out of the [debt] problem" (the debt problem which is derived from this structural imbalance). 

 

On that note, currencies are the natural balancing mechanism to prevent the bubbles and global imbalances from forming.

 

If the yuan were freely traded, with aggressive growth in the economy over the past three decades would come a rise in the value of the yuan (rise in demand of yuan-denominated assets), making its exports more expensive.  The Chinese would consume more with a more valuable currency and richer asset values, and produce less. 

 

Weaker economies would have less demand for their assets, a weaker currency, and therefore more attractive exports.  They export more, consume less.  And so the cycle would go.

 

It all spirals down, however, when a major trading partner is deliberately manipulating its currency (keeping it cheap).  But only if its trading partners keep trading with it. 

 

Unfortunately, Western world politicians have kept trading with China.  They've done very little over the years to disrupt the spiral, for a variety of reasons (it's politically unpalatable ... constituents like cheap stuff, governments like cheap credit, and politicians like political and financial favors).

 

So, as with Trump 1.0, Trump 2.0 will be about dealing with China. 

 

Bessent has already telegraphed what he thinks will be another Plaza Accord type of "large scale globally coordinated currency, fiscal and monetary" agreement.  For it to work, it seems like it will have to involve putting China in the trade penalty box.  

 

As you might suspect, China's multi-decade economic war (driven by currency manipulation), which has evolved into hybrid warfare over the past eight years (economic, psychological, biological, information, political, cyber) will likely escalate.

 

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